«Основные детали автомобильного двигателя» | Косвинцева Анна Александровна. Работа №304008

«САХАЛИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ

Косвинцева А.А., преподаватель английского языка высшей квалификационной категории

What are the Main Parts of an Automobile Engine?

Студенты старших курсов СПО по специальности 23.02.03«Техническое обслуживание и ремонт автомобильного транспорта» на занятиях по английскому языку работают с текстами, инструкциями, журнальными статьями, связанными с будущей профессией. Перед преподавателем стоит задача научить студентов лексическим основам чтения специальных текстов по тематике «Устройство автомобиля» и актуализировать знания по грамматике при чтении и понимании. В целях правильного понимания синтаксических структур материала необходим аналитический подход к переводу текста на базе грамматических основ навыка чтения специальных текстов. В статье предлагаются упражнения, разработанные по теме «Основные детали автомобильного двигателя» к тексту “The engine”. Представлен список слов и упражнений с целью усвоения и закрепления лексических, грамматических и речевых навыков профессионально-ориентированной направленности. К ряду упражнений приводятся ключи, с выполненными заданиями, что упрощает работу преподавателя, позволяет выборочно использовать их при проверке пройденного материала. В конце статьи приводится текст и упражнение для проведения итогового контроля усвоенного учебного материала.

The Engine

The greatest number of cars use piston engines. The four-cycle piston engine requires four strokes of the piston per cycle. The first downstroke draws in the petrol mixture. The first upstroke compresses it. The second downstroke — the power stroke — following the combustion of the fuel, supplies the power, and the second upstroke evacuates the burned gases. Intake and exhaust valves in the cylinder control the intake of fuel and the release of burned gases. At the end of the power stroke the pressure of the burned gases in the cylinder is 2.8 to 3.5 kg/sq cm. These gases escape with the sudden opening of the exhaust valve. They rush to a silencer (muffler), an enlarged section of piping containing expanding ducts and perforated plates through which the gases expand and are released into the atmosphere. Greater smoothness of operation of the four-cycle engine were provided by the development of the four-cylinder engine, which supplies power from one or another of the cylinders on each stroke of the cycle. A further increase in power and smoothness is obtained in engines of 6, 8,12, and 16 cylinders, which are arranged in either a straight line or two banks assembled in the form of a V.

Exercise 1. Put the word combinations in plural form if it is possible. Translate them.

Example: the power transmission – the power transmissions – силовые системы передач; this chassis – these chassis – эти шасси; the mounted body – the mounted bodies – установленные (смонтированные) корпуса;

Construction of an automobile; primary component; a modern car; the power plant; the running gear; a control system; the petrol mixture; an automobile; combustion of the fuel; a cooling system; ignition in this car; the four-cycle piston engine; the petrol mixture; an exhaust valve; the release of burned gas; a silencer(muffler); an expanding duct; the eight-cylinder engine;

Key to exercise 1. Put the word combinations in plural form if it is possible. Translate them.

Construction of the automobiles – устройство автомобилей; primary components – главные компоненты; the modern cars – современные автомобили; the power plants – силовая установка; the running gears – коробки передач (управляющие шестерни); the control systems – системы управления(контроля); the petrol mixtures – смеси бензина; the automobiles– автомобили; combustion of the fuel – сгорание топлива; the cooling systems – системы охлаждения; ignition in these cars – зажигание в этих машинах; the four-cycle piston engines – четырёхтактные поршневые двигатели; the petrol mixtures – бензиновые смеси; the exhaust valves – выхлопные клапаны; the release of burned gases – удаление отработанных газов; the silencers(mufflers) - глушители; the expanding ducts – расширяющиеся каналы; the eight-cylinder engines – 8-ми цилиндровые двигатели;

Exercise 2. Translate the verbs. Give three forms of the irregular and regular verbs.

Constitute; include; be; use; require; draw; compress; supply; evacuate; burn; escape; rush; contain; expand; release; provide; obtain;

Key to exercise 2. Translate the verbs. Give three forms of the irregular and regular verbs.

Образовывать, составлять – constitute – constituted – constituted - constituting;

Быть, являться – be – was/were – been – being; включать - include; требовать - require;

Тащить, тянуть (рисовать, чертить) - draw –drew; drawn; drawing;

сжимать - compress; поставлять - supply; удалять - evacuate; жечь, гореть - burn – burnt (burned)- burnt (burned) – burning; улетучиваться (бежать) - escape; двигаться под напором, крушить – rush; содержать - contain; расширяться - expand; удалять - release; снабжать, обеспечивать - provide; достигать - obtain;

General understanding

Exercise 3. Questions to the test. Answer the questions using the text.

What are the primary components of a car?

Where is the body of a car mounted?

What kind of engines do the most number of cars use?

Does the four-cycle piston engine require

4

strokes of the piston per cycle?

What does the first down-stroke?

What compresses the first upstroke?

The power stroke supplies the power, does not it?

What upstroke evacuates the burnt gases?

What valve in cylinder controls the release of burned gases?

What is the pressure of burned gases in cylinder at the end of the power stroke?

How do these gases escape?

How does the muffler (silencer) look like?

How is the further increase in power and smoothness in engine obtained?

Exercise 4. Give English equivalents:

Коробка передач, силовая установка, корпус автомобиля, система охлаждения, смазка, зажигание, поршневой двигатель, ход поршня за цикл, бензиновая смесь, сжимать, ход вверх, сжигание топлива, снабжать энергией, клапаны забора и выброса, давление, глушитель, увеличенная секция трубы, расширенный канал, перфорированные пластины, удалять, дальнейшее увеличение, плавность (ровность), достигать, сборка.

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences in Active and Passive Voices into English.

Большинство автомобилей используют поршневые двигатели.

Четырёх –цилиндровый поршневой двигатель делает четыре рабочих хода за цикл.

Первый ход вниз всасывает (втаскивает) горючую смесь в цилиндр, а первый ход вверх сжимает её и происходит воспламенение.

Второй ход вниз – это силовой ход.

Сгоревшие газы удаляются вторым ходом поршня вверх.

Эти газы удаляются ходом поршня вверх при открытии выхлопного клапана.

Четырёх цилиндровый двигатель снабжается энергией от одного или другого цилиндра на каждый рабочий такт.

Много цилиндровые двигатели установлены либо в прямую линию или же в форме

V

.

Key to exercise 5. Translate the sentences in Active and Passive Voices into English.

The greatest number of cars use piston engines.

The four-cycle piston engine requires four strokes of the piston per cycle.

The first

downstroke

draws the petrol mixture in the cylinder and the first upstroke compresses it and the combustion take place.

The power stroke

is the

second

downstroke

.

The burned gases

are evacuated

by the second upstroke of the piston.

These gases are escaped by the upstroke piston with the opening of the exhaust valve

.

The four-cylinder engine

is supplied

by power from one or another of the cylinders on each stroke.

Many cylinders engines are

arranged in either

a straight line or assembled in the form of a V.

Text for testing

Exercise 6. Translate these words and word combinations using the dictionary.

Cylinder block; be bolted; combusting; piston; connecting rod; crankshaft; water jacket; transmit; thrust; be fitted; to seal; spark plug; reciprocating; exhaust gas; Oil Sump; Camshaft; to ignite; Stroke; Injector; to inject; Push Rod; Manifold; Friction; resistance; split; groove; Gaskets; Spindle; Bearings; Sliding bearings; Rolling bearings;

Key to exercise 6. Translate these words and word combinations using the dictionary.

Cylinder block –блок цилиндра; Be bolted скреплять болтами; Combusting – воспламенение;

Piston – поршень; connecting rod – шатун с пальцем; crankshaft –распределительный вал;

water jacket – охлаждающая рубашка; transmit – передавать; thrust – удар, толчок, нажим;

be fitted – монтироваться, притираться; to seal – уплотнять, скреплять; spark plug – свеча

зажигания; reciprocating motion – поступательное движение; exhaust gas – выхлопные

газы; Oil Sump –маслосборник; Camshaft – распределительный вал; to ignite воспламенять;

Stroke – ход; Injector – форсунка; to inject – впрыскивать; Push Rod – шток толкатель;

Manifold – всасывающий и выхлопной коллектор; Friction – трение; resistance –

сопротивление; split – щель, трещина, раскол; делить на части; groove - нарезка, паз;

делать выемку; Gaskets –прокладки; Spindle – ось, вал; Bearings – подшипники, вкладыши;

Sliding bearings – подшипники скольжения (для шатунов);

Rolling bearings – роликовые подшипники;

Read the text and answer the question:

What are the Main Parts of an Automobile Engine?

Engine is a device that produces power. It is made by various parts bolted together and they work together to achieve power by burning of fuel. These parts are given below:

Cylinder Block.

Cylinder block or Cylinder is main part of an engine.

It is a part in which

combustion

of fuel takes place

. All other parts like piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, water jacket etc.

are bolted

on it.

Piston.

Piston

is placed

in the cylinder and transmits thrust to the connecting rod. It is free to move. It compresses the air fuel mixture and convert the fuel energy into mechanical energy. Piston transmits the power to the crankshaft.

Cylinder Head.

Cylinder head

is fitted

on the top of cylinder block and the function of the cylinder head is to seal the working end of cylinder and not to permit entry and exit of gases on cover head valves of the engine. The valves, spark plug, camshaft, etc.

are fitted

on it.

Connecting Rod.

It connect piston to the

crank shaft

and transmit the motion and thrust of piston to crank shaft. The lower end of connecting rod

is connected

to the piston and the bigger is connected to the crankshaft.

Crank Shaft.

It is located in the bottom end of cylinder block. It transmits the reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion. This rotary motion used to rotate wheels of the vehicle.

Oil Sump.

It

is bolted

at the lower end of the cylinder block. All the oil for lubricating the movable parts

is placed

in it.

Camshaft.

It

is fitted

either in the cylinder head or at the bottom of the cylinder block. It is use to open or close valves at proper timing in multi-cylinder engine.

Valves.

It

is fitted

on the cylinder head. It regulates the flow of air fuel mixture inside the cylinder and exhaust gas outside the cylinder block. When both inlet and exhaust valves are closed no pressure can go inside or outside of cylinder block.

Spark Plug.

It

is used

in Petrol engine (Spark Ignition Engine). It

is fitted

on the cylinder head. It

is used

to ignite the air fuel mixture inside the cylinder at the end of each compression stroke.

Injector.

It

is used

in Diesel engine (Compression Ignition Engine). It

is fitted

on the cylinder head. It

is used

to inject fuel in spray form inside the cylinder at the end of compression stroke.

Push Rod.

It

is used

when the camshaft is situated in the bottom of the cylinder head. It regulates the timing of valves open and close through rocker arm and camshaft.

Manifold.

It

is bolted

on the cylinder head

:

one for intake

air-fuel mixture

and

another for

exhaust. Its function is

to evenly distribute

air-fuel mixture for intake & collects the exhaust gases from all cylinders.

Piston Rings.

It provides the good sealing fit and less friction resistance between piston and cylinder. It

is split

at one point so it can be easily installed into the grooves cut in the piston.

Gaskets.

It

is used

to seal the cylinder head and cylinder so no pressure is allowed to escape. It

is placed

between the cylinder block and cylinder head.

Gudgeon Pin (Piston Pin).

It is the parallel spindles fitted through the piston boss and connecting rod small end. It connects the piston to the connecting rod.

Engine Bearing.

Bearings

are used

to support the moving parts. The purpose of bearings is to reduce friction. The crankshaft

is supported

by bearing. In

engine

two types of bearing are used sliding bearing and rolling bearing.

Exercise 7. Is it TRUE or FALSE? Look through the text and give your answer:

In small engines, there are often just four cylinders, while in larger equipment or vehicles, there can be many more.

When you hear someone say a car is a V8 or

a

“eight banger” that means it is a six cylinder engine.

The piston rings create a seal between the piston and the intake valves which helps keep the fuel and air mixture from leaking.

The automobile engine

is based

on simple parts and processes that work together, essentially to turn fuel into energy.

e) The crankshaft is supported by piston pin .

f) Injector is used in Diesel engine.

Key to exercise 7. Is it TRUE or FALSE? Look through the text and give your answer:

I

t

is

TRUE

.

It is

FALSE. Correct answer:

When you hear someone say a car is a V8 or a “eight banger” that means it is an eight cylinder engine.

It is

FALSE.

Correct answer:

Piston Rings provide the good sealing fit and less resistance between piston and cylinder.

d) It is TRUE.

e) It is FALSE. Correct answer:

The crankshaft is supported by bearing.

f) It is TRUE.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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2.Агабекян И.П. Английский язык для технических вузов \ И.П. Агабекян, П.И. Коваленко - Изд.10-е, стер.- Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2014. C. 291-298. (Высшее образование) 80317.selcdn.ru›miit/….pdf

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Электронные ресурсы

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9.Что такое лексика в английском языке - English House

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