Research on organic feed for growing calves in beef cattle farming | Мунгушбаева Алина Ардаовна. Работа №352745

Abstract

This article explores the use of organic feed in the process of raising meat-oriented calves, focusing on its impact on productivity, animal health, and meat quality. In Kazakhstan, the development of animal husbandry faces challenges such as insufficient feed supply and limited pastureland. The article discusses the significance of feeding in beef cattle farming and emphasizes the importance of organic animal husbandry, which prioritizes environmental sustainability, animal welfare, and the use of natural feed without synthetic chemicals. Organic feed, which includes grains, legumes, and herbs grown without pesticides or GMOs, has been shown to improve the nutritional value and organoleptic qualities of meat while reducing environmental pollution. The study highlights the benefits of organic beef, including enhanced taste, texture, and safety, with no residual chemicals or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It also presents research on the effects of different feeding strategies on meat productivity and quality. The article concludes that organic feed in beef cattle farming offers promising advantages for both producers and consumers, but further research is needed to optimize feeding practices and reduce production costs. This approach aligns with the growing demand for high-quality, environmentally friendly products, contributing to sustainable agricultural development.

Introduction

In a message to the people of the Republic of Kazakhstan, President Tokayev Kassym-Jomart Kemelevich said: Agriculture is our main economic resource. Our country has a huge potential for the production of organic and environmentally friendly products, which are currently in demand not only in our country, but also abroad. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to increase the amount of irrigated land to 3 billion hectares by 2030. This, in turn, will contribute to an increase in the volume of agricultural products by 4.5 times. To date, the increase in meat production is closely related to the problem of farmers' lack of land for growing fodder crops. The feed supply is less than 60%. An urgent problem of the development of animal husbandry in Kazakhstan is the insufficient food supply. The provision of coarse feed in our country reaches about 80%, juicy feed – 40%, and concentrated feed – about half. The main aspects of this problem are the lack of pastures, low feed volume in crop rotation, low productivity of pasture lands, as well as a lack of forage. Feeding is one of the key factors influencing the process of raising beef cattle. It has a significant impact on the growth, health, productivity and quality of animal meat.

Beef cattle breeding is a specialized industry for the production of high-quality meat and is based on the breeding of cattle of specialized meat breeds. To increase the number of livestock, as well as increase the production of livestock products, it is necessary to develop livestock breeding. The quality of meat depends on numerous factors acting on the animal before slaughter and on the carcass during its maturation. Among them are physical, stress and feeding factors, under the influence of which there are shifts in metabolism and loss of useful products.

Feeding is one of the key factors influencing the process of raising beef cattle. It has a significant impact on the growth, health, productivity and quality of animal meat.

Organic animal husbandry is a farming system based on the principles of environmental friendliness, sustainability and concern for animal welfare. It involves the use of natural feeds, without synthetic chemicals and harmful substances, as well as ensuring free range of animals. Organic animal husbandry strives to minimize the negative impact on the environment and ensure high quality products.

Only permitted feed is used in organic animal husbandry. It is difficult for highly productive animals to make balanced diets due to their lack of essential amino acids, primarily lysine, methionine, tryptophan, cystine and threonine. However, the use of synthesized amino acids and growth stimulants in organic animal husbandry is prohibited.

Due to the increasing requirements for the quality of beef, the need for further improvement of technological solutions for the cultivation and fattening of beef steers, aimed at improving meat productivity, ensuring not only the quality but also the safety of meat, has become particularly relevant [1].

The cultivation of beef calves based on the use of organic feed requires a special approach aimed at ensuring high standards of organic production. The main aspects of this approach include the use of natural feeds [2].

Organic feed includes feed grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, GMOs and antibiotics. These include organic grains, legumes, herbs and specialized additives, etc

. Studies show that the use of organic feed contributes to improving product quality, reducing environmental pollution and increasing the sustainability of the agro-industrial complex [3].

The meat of calves raised on organic feeds usually has a better taste, texture and higher nutritional value. It is also considered safer because it does not contain residual chemicals.

The consumption of organically grown meat reduces the risk of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other pollutants from animals to humans [4].

Studies conducted by Zabashta N. N., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, found that the level and type of feeding has a special effect on meat productivity. The nutritional value of beef meat is largely determined by the age and live weight of animals before slaughter [5].

During the growth and development of animals, significant qualitative and quantitative changes occur, associated with an increase in mass and a change in the morphological composition of the carcass. The morphological composition of the carcass, meat yield and its chemical composition were studied in Kalmyk bulls of different ages. It was found that the yield of chilled carcass was 2% higher in bulls aged 21-24 months. compared with bulls aged 15-16 months. In the practice of animal husbandry, as a rule, the main part of young cattle raised for meat is represented by uncastrated bulls, a smaller part by castrates. In bulls aged 21-24 months, bone yield was lower than in animals aged 15-16 months, by 15.5 and 17.4%, respectively. The experiments of domestic and foreign researchers have shown that non-castrated gobies differ from castrates in high growth energy, better feed payment in increments, and lower fat deposits [6].

However, in the production of organic beef, not only quantitative but also qualitative indicators are important.

The determination of the protein, fat and ash content showed that there were no significant differences between the bulls of different ages, however, with

age, the amount of fat and calcium in the meat increased slightly and protein and phosphorus decreased, although the difference was not statistically significant [7].

Studies have shown that calves raised on organic feeds show higher weight gain and improved immune performance compared to those who receive traditional feeds. The meat of calves grown on organic feeds is characterized by the best organoleptic properties, including taste, texture and aroma [8].

Measures and technological techniques that guarantee the production of organic meat raw materials include such aspects as:

1. prohibition of the use of pesticides for the purpose of preventive treatment of crops from pests, weeds;

2. systematic analysis of feed for the content of residual amounts of pesticides in irrigation and drinking water for animals, soils, feed products, meat raw materials;

3. Systematic analysis of feed and feed additives (salt, chalk, etc.) for the content of heavy metals during harvesting and feeding.

The introduction of these technological techniques guarantees the production of safe organic meat raw materials for the production of meat-based food [9,10].

The cultivation of meat calves using organic feed is a promising direction in animal husbandry. It not only satisfies the growing demand for organic products, but also contributes to improving animal health and meat quality. However, for the successful implementation of these methods, additional research is needed to optimize the diet and reduce the cost of producing organic feed.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of organic feed in the process of raising meat-oriented calves. The main focus will be on the impact of organic feed on productivity, animal health and the quality of final products. Understanding these aspects can help manufacturers improve their skills and meet the growing demand for environmentally friendly products.

As a result, the use of organic feed in the cultivation of meat calves is a promising area that combines advantages for both producers and consumers. The need to improve the quality of meat and improve animal health, as well as the growing demand for environmentally friendly products, emphasize the importance of further research and the introduction of organic methods in meat production. This will not only increase the profitability of the business, but also contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture.

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